When these cells sense nutrients and, crucially, the metabolites produced by your gut bacteria, they release GLP-1 into circulation, where it helps signal fullness, slows the rate at which the stomach empties, and supports glucose-dependent insulin release
Common side effects: Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, or mild stomach upsetusually temporary and manageable
Activity: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week
4.2 Oxidative stress mediates metabolic abnormalities in PCOS Oxidative stress is closely related to obesity, IR, and HA in PCOS, and the induced apoptosis of ovarian GCs leads to follicular atresia, which is one of the mechanisms of ovulation disorders in PCOS (150)
Regular assessment of body weight was crucial for evaluating general health status